Romanian ancient civilization deep in history
Empire Romanian is a term called the stage following the Republic of Romania, who ruled Rome, it is the evolution of the political rule of Rome, has been characterized by the stage of imperial rule of Rome in this period, authoritarian rule, has been behind the imperial rule of 500 years of Republican rule of Rome (510 BC. M - century The first BC), who had been weakened by the conflict between Gaius Marius and Sulla and the civil war of Julius Caesar against Pompey
, There is no specific date shows the transition of Rome from Republic to Empire, but can be considered the beginning of the Romanian Empire from the beginning of the appointment of a dictator Julius Qaasir always to Rome in 44 BC. M, in the stage won by Octavian and heir of Julius Caesar at the Battle of Actium (32 September 31 BC), as well as granting the Roman Senate phrases deification of Octavian phrases veneration and the label (August the Great) in (June 16, 27 BC. M).
Empire Romanian is a term called the stage following the Republic of Romania, who ruled Rome, it is the evolution of the political rule of Rome, has been characterized by the stage of imperial rule of Rome in this period, authoritarian rule, has been behind the imperial rule of 500 years of Republican rule of Rome (510 BC. M - century The first BC), who had been weakened by the conflict between Gaius Marius and Sulla and the civil war of Julius Caesar against Pompey
, There is no specific date shows the transition of Rome from Republic to Empire, but can be considered the beginning of the Romanian Empire from the beginning of the appointment of a dictator Julius Qaasir always to Rome in 44 BC. M, in the stage won by Octavian and heir of Julius Caesar at the Battle of Actium (32 September 31 BC), as well as granting the Roman Senate phrases deification of Octavian phrases veneration and the label (August the Great) in (June 16, 27 BC. M).
Romans are the people journeyed perhaps from Eastern Europe or Asia and then Rahlo to Italian islands, starting from the twelfth century by century and established the city of ancient Rome, then the work of this people to organize and develop its political, military, social, and began the gradual expansion and founded the state took control in the first instance on Italian peninsula and then widened this country and took control of most of the ancient world and has become its borders a vast spread of the British Isles and the shores of Europe, the Atlantic west to Mesopotamia and the Caspian Sea coast east and central Europe to the north of the Alps and to the sub-Saharan Africa and the Red Sea to the south, and thus was an example the concept of the state university (Universal State) colonial nature and lasted until the fifth century AD, in which the Germanic tribes were able to control the provinces of the Romanian state in AD 476
There is no documentation or historical evidence to determine the coming of the Romans and the Italian peninsula Tacishm city of Rome, but historians rely on a set of myths and stories passed down by those who have studied ancient history throughout the ages. And stresses the archaeological finds and documents and historical facts of the establishment of the small village was on the conflict first between the two brothers Rommelius and Remus about the founding of the city of Rome and the second conflict between Hiroshima in advance and her father Aimlius about the fate of the children arose the mother threw the twins in the river Tiber The story also said the twins had babies had lupus for more than a week . then were found patron he was grazing the area and transferred directly to his wife where they Petrpethma until they reached age 18 years Rome relative to its founder Romulus and proclaimed himself the King of the first king of Rome and the surrounding areas, and the foundations of this series of kings, numbered seven ruled Rome. The novels that Romulus focused through the establishment of the state to the military aspects of the strategy are summarized in the following:
· Control of the land surrounding Rome.
· Established the first rules of the Romanian laws and religion.
· Expansion and control of the nearby and neighboring regions.
· Established the first rules of the Romanian laws and religion.
· Expansion and control of the nearby and neighboring regions.
Dropped Revolution Roman people the King tyrant Tarllenius considered the Romans in 509 BC. M juncture a key role in their political, social, economic and named it the glory and that was after a series of political and military events that are still mysterious to the present day, and reached the Roman people to a new organization of power in Rome, and from that date began the actual process of building the Romanian Empire, they made the geographical expansion, where they put in mind the fundamental objective is limited to the geographical expansion of military force, political, economic,
And they see that this is the best way to achieve the aspirations of this young state, and have started wars like invasions tribal Limited aimed at subjugating the tribes and families surrounding Rome, and that was through the stages of the First Republic, which she founded the Empire, Romanian, and then began to stage the Second Republic which saw the transformation of the country emerging from the power Latin in the Italian peninsula to the global military force affected Pmaaijeri and affect in the center of the ancient world (the Mediterranean) and in this phase ended with the wars of Rome in the Italian peninsula, and started wars of the Romans with the Phoenicians (Carthaginians), which was the city of Carthage, located in North Africa their capital, was named after these wars Punic wars
The conflict began - Roman Carthaginian fundamentally as a commercial and then take the dimensions of military and was the first contact between the parties when the Romans occupied the island of Sicily in 264 BC. M. He Carthaginians this invasion, encroachment direct their economic interests, political, and this incident was the beginning of the war between the Romans and Carthaginians, which continued to the year 241 s. m.
In the Punic Wars two sides have fought a series of land and sea battles to resolve some of them and left the other without decisive results, but the majority of the resolution of the battles of the Romans and especially the land battles The naval battles were often the results of the Qirtagiyn where most of their troops freely unlike the Romans who were their forces ground.
Has achieved the Romans first victory when he expelled the Carthaginians from Sicily in 241 BC. M, then followed that enable the commander of the Roman Mokhtarius Marcus Digaulos of the defeat of the fleet Carthage in 256 BC. AD This was a battle, the first naval battle fought by the Roman army, but the Carthaginians did not Acetkinwa of the Roman and decided their leader in this era of time Hannibal continue to extend the scope of control of the Carthaginian on the Spanish coast has arrived in Marseille determined to invade the Italian territory from the North West.
He began Carthaginians campaign the new Romans, and here began the balance of power tilted against Rome After more than ten years of continuous wars with the enemies of different on all directions of the Italian peninsula quiet campaign Hannibal studied and prepared her well and become like the spearhead in the face of aspirations of the Romanian, especially as the this campaign has appeared with the emergence of a number of parties hostile to the Romans and became the Romanian state in fear of alliances that may threaten the existence of their state
Victories of Hannibal
Hannibal was able to achieve a series of victories of the Romans Qirtagiyn are:
· Victory over the Roman army at the Battle of Kani CANNAE.
· Capture of Saontom ally of Rome.
· Cut Trribia River.
That period was preceded by an alliance between the Macedonian King Philip V and Hannibal against the Romans, and further exacerbated by the separation of Syracuse in Sicily for the central authority in Rome and here are on the brink of defeat Rome
Hannibal was able to achieve a series of victories of the Romans Qirtagiyn are:
· Victory over the Roman army at the Battle of Kani CANNAE.
· Capture of Saontom ally of Rome.
· Cut Trribia River.
That period was preceded by an alliance between the Macedonian King Philip V and Hannibal against the Romans, and further exacerbated by the separation of Syracuse in Sicily for the central authority in Rome and here are on the brink of defeat Rome
The defeat of Hannibal
Multiplied defeats Carthaginian reasons, including:
· The ability of leaders to cope with the difficulties the Romans and quiet composure.
· Benefit from the lessons of successive military combat as soon as possible.
· The survival of most of the Latin allies of Rome to her in times of crisis.
· Non-arrival of aid and supplies to the forces of Hannibal of Carthage.
· The government Carthaginian suffers from divisions and corruption which led to its failure to back the campaign Alhanibalah.
· The bulk of the Army (Hannibal) of the cavalry, and this was an effective weapon in combat and fast moving, but it is not adequate for the operations of the siege and occupation of land
Multiplied defeats Carthaginian reasons, including:
· The ability of leaders to cope with the difficulties the Romans and quiet composure.
· Benefit from the lessons of successive military combat as soon as possible.
· The survival of most of the Latin allies of Rome to her in times of crisis.
· Non-arrival of aid and supplies to the forces of Hannibal of Carthage.
· The government Carthaginian suffers from divisions and corruption which led to its failure to back the campaign Alhanibalah.
· The bulk of the Army (Hannibal) of the cavalry, and this was an effective weapon in combat and fast moving, but it is not adequate for the operations of the siege and occupation of land
These positions are exploited by the Romans and the effects they reopened the organization and dissemination of their armies on all fronts and have a series of campaigns that led to the restoration of all the cities of Syracuse and Gaby, and the Romans decided to open a front in Spain to besiege the forces of Hannibal and prevent reinforcements from reaching it.
Romanian troops have caused the defeat of the Carthaginian forces at the Battle of Ailiba Ilipa in Spain and in the meantime dropped the Macedonian king Philip V of the alliance with the Romans Hannibal by trying to reconciliation.
He led the Roman army of Sibiu Mokhtarius 25 thousand men of infantry Supporters Balkhialh and cut by the Mediterranean Sea heading to Carthage, and insisted on calling Hannibal Carthaginians from Spain to lead the Carthaginian armies, and the two armies met at the Battle of Zama that defeated the Carthaginians. After this defeat, the Treaty was held where the parties agreed that:
Romanian troops have caused the defeat of the Carthaginian forces at the Battle of Ailiba Ilipa in Spain and in the meantime dropped the Macedonian king Philip V of the alliance with the Romans Hannibal by trying to reconciliation.
He led the Roman army of Sibiu Mokhtarius 25 thousand men of infantry Supporters Balkhialh and cut by the Mediterranean Sea heading to Carthage, and insisted on calling Hannibal Carthaginians from Spain to lead the Carthaginian armies, and the two armies met at the Battle of Zama that defeated the Carthaginians. After this defeat, the Treaty was held where the parties agreed that:
· Carthaginians paid tribute to fifty years.
· Reduce the Carthaginian ships to ten ships.
· Not to launch any war outside of Africa without the consent of Rome.
The results of the control of the Roman victory on the Romanian coast of the Spanish eastern and southern Spain was divided into two provinces under the name of Spain near and distant Spain.
Following the completion of the Carthaginian stave off the threat turned the attention of the Romans and became the east considering the acquisition of the Kingdom of Macedonia, has already declared war on them and they have been targets are:
· Reduction or elimination of the Macedonian influence in the east.
· Control of the islands in the eastern Mediterranean basin due to the very important in terms of navigation and trade.
· Access to the territory of the Seleucid Kingdom, which had controlled parts of Asia Minor and northern Syria.
· Reduce the Carthaginian ships to ten ships.
· Not to launch any war outside of Africa without the consent of Rome.
The results of the control of the Roman victory on the Romanian coast of the Spanish eastern and southern Spain was divided into two provinces under the name of Spain near and distant Spain.
Following the completion of the Carthaginian stave off the threat turned the attention of the Romans and became the east considering the acquisition of the Kingdom of Macedonia, has already declared war on them and they have been targets are:
· Reduction or elimination of the Macedonian influence in the east.
· Control of the islands in the eastern Mediterranean basin due to the very important in terms of navigation and trade.
· Access to the territory of the Seleucid Kingdom, which had controlled parts of Asia Minor and northern Syria.
Launched the Romans a series of battles that ended the occupation of the entire territory of Macedonia in the east was control of the Greece of Greece, and the end of this war has widened the borders of the Romanian from Spain in the west to the western coast of Asia Minor in the east, in addition to land Carthaginian in North Africa, and divided this vast territory to seven provinces linked to the central government in Rome.
After these victories became the Romanian State is a superpower is difficult to conquer and control the destiny of the ancient world east and west, and in this phase began Roman history abuzz with the names of commanders and leaders of the victorious and became the ruling class affect the course of events in Rome and abroad, and after the rest period that followed the war was a prelude to a new phase of the vast conquests Romanian, and began the process of expansion to go to impose imperial system was done in two phases
Empire first entered the Romanian State a crucial new phase of its history, a phase of the empire, after he became leader Octavian first emperor of Rome and continued his nearly 40 years during which the extension of control of Egypt after the defeat of Cleopatra at the battle of Actium Navy, and the remaining of Gaul France , and tried to invade Germania internal Fanahzm Taotberg in position and wiped out the entire Romanian battalions and the number was twenty-five thousand fighters and returned to Rome, the leader Pharos defeated. And founded the Empire Octavian strain known as strain rate Jawlianih to his uncle Julius Caesar.
The Second Empire in this period began to spread Christianity in the quarters, the Eastern Empire, but the official religion of the empire was a pagan in its origins dating back to Greek religion
Started the countdown in the life of the Romanian State as of 235 m has witnessed that year increased a serious political and social unrest, and escalated when external attacks, especially from the Germanic tribes and the return of the influence of the Persian Empire in the East, which took Armenia from the hands of the Romans took control of the territory of Mesopotamia and the advance of the army Persian invaded Antioch, Syria has been unable to Romans repelled until the Emperor Diocletian DIOCLETIAN which is considered the founder of Empire III and was able to restore power to assign to four people share power, a system known as the power quartet has continued to work with this system until 305 m and then followed a struggle for Authority continued throughout the period of 306 to 313 AD that came to the throne of Emperor Constantine, who considered his major turning point in the path of the Romanian Empire
During the second and third centuries, there have been three crises together and threatened the collapse of the Roman Empire: external invasions, internal civil wars, and the weakness of the economy. In the meantime, the city of Rome became less important as the administrative center of the Roman Empire. The third century crisis showed flaws homogeneous system of government instituted by Augustus for the management of the Roman Empire. Enter his successors some adjustments, but the events and made clear that a new world standard is more centralized system required.
Division of the empire began in the late third century by Diocletian in 286, was designed to control efficiently the Roman Empire Empire Romanian Bank (Western Roman Empire) refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, the other half of the Roman Empire became known as the Eastern Roman Empire, and today known widely as the Byzantine Empire
Department of Theodosius I (also called "the Great"), the Roman empire to his two sons to Arkadiusz Eastern Roman Empire with his capital in Constantinople and in the Western Empire Honorius with his capital at Milan
During the struggle for power has seen the Romanian state chaos unprecedented, where he was competing for control of the empire between the seven men who are Maximian and Galerius and Maxntios and Maximenius Daya and Ascenios and Constantine as well as Dumitius Alexander, who announced separation in Africa, and everyone started to collapse, leaving only a Ascenios who had control of the eastern and Constantine, who had a strong and dominated the western regions, has reached the two to agree on co-existence and recognition of each of the other authority and control over the territories ruled by, and continued this truce about ten years, and in 324 AD signed a clash between the two men in battle Adraanuel which won where Constantine and this victory forces Constantine chasing troops to Ascenios in Asia Minor and was able Constantine the arrest of his rival and his execution became Constantine was emperor only in Rome. have contributed to Constantine to provide freedom for the Christians in Rome by issuing the edict of Milan which gave Christians freedom of worship has taken some actions that concern the state including:
· Restore order to the State.
· Introduction of the reforms which he deemed necessary.
· Converting to Christianity the official religion and the mind of the Romanian state.
· The establishment of a new capital of his state in the region on the banks of the Bosphorus Bezntyum and called nueva roma any new Rome was later known as Constantinople.
· Introduction of the reforms which he deemed necessary.
· Converting to Christianity the official religion and the mind of the Romanian state.
· The establishment of a new capital of his state in the region on the banks of the Bosphorus Bezntyum and called nueva roma any new Rome was later known as Constantinople.
It is worth mentioning; that era Alhohenstauffineh associated with the final stage of TFT feudalism in Germany, and the collapse of German sovereignty in Italy. If we tried to Nstqrye Date Empire ROMANIAN following through events, we realized that the historical period was a struggle between the emperors Alhohenstaoven and the papacy, but if you have passed these events to the background remote seemed to us indeed a conflict between two concepts of the rule of one, two political and spiritual, and this was an inevitable consequence of the concept of deeper and wider than it was for him Iktaatl Henry IV and Gregory VII, so that the two parties, each has become a universal claim the full
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