Damascus historic city gate history, contemporary to the most important civilizations and lived most famous history in science, literature, poetry, thought and industry, culture, astronomy, and the clergy and doctrine and theology of the Islamic, Christian, medicine, pharmacy, etc. in addition to the kings and leaders, princes and sultans, the role of centers and schools of science historical intent of every seeker of knowledge and knowledge in different eras.
Damascus is the capital of culture through history is full of creativity, is held by a lot of events and cultural activities are spread in many regions and districts of the city centers of local cultural addition to the centers of international cultural, such as the French Cultural Center, the Spanish Cultural Center, the Russian Cultural Center, German Cultural Centre
There are a lot of theaters, cinemas, museums, specialized including the Museum of Calligraphy Museum of Medicine and Science at the Arabs and the Museum of Damascus Historical Museum and folk traditions and the Damascus National Museum and other museums, and there is an important milestone of the cultural monuments of the city is Dar Al Assad for Culture and the Opera House the Syrian and a number of cultural monuments, Tktens Damascus Syrian cultural heritage is very rich with data in the fields of culture, literature, poetry, science, music, art, making it always the capital of culture, have been chosen Damascus - Arab Capital of Culture in 2008
Because the emergence of Damascus to nine thousand years BC, or more, as is indicated by the discoveries and excavations at several sites in the city and its surroundings, including the site of Tel ash, and reminds researchers It is one of the oldest cities and the oldest city in history, was the capital since the dawn of history, many civilizations in different historical periods
Because the first mention of the name Damascus in history to the list of geographic areas in the reign of Pharaoh Tuthmosis III in the fifteenth century BC, as stated in the form of T - m - u - s and researchers believe that the origin of this name goes back to the Semitic languages, which were scattered in the region. Where called in Akkadian (Damishqa) and Hebrew דמשק (Damascus), while the label contains Aramaic, believed to be original label of the city (Dermhawk) on the letter (t) plus has been neglected for later transmission when the label to other languages. Which means in Aramaic prefix der housing (house), and subsequent interesting means hosed or quenched
Delaying the analysis of carbon 14 in the hill on the outskirts of Damascus ash that the city was inhabited since the seventh millennium BC and probably since approximately 6300 BC. M also date back oldest human settlements in the basin of the filings, which lies Damascus to the ninth millennium BC. Nevertheless, the city has not seen the movement of construction even remember the second millennium BC
Delaying the analysis of carbon 14 in the hill on the outskirts of Damascus ash that the city was inhabited since the seventh millennium BC and probably since approximately 6300 BC. M also date back oldest human settlements in the basin of the filings, which lies Damascus to the ninth millennium BC. Nevertheless, the city has not seen the movement of construction even remember the second millennium BC
Did not begin said Damascus as a city task until the advent of the Aramaeans in the end of the second millennium BC, where they started to form, except the kingdoms in the region was the most important of Aram Damascus that had been taken from the city as its capital and built the Arameans of canals and channels on the outskirts of the Barada River, which contributed to prosperity of agriculture and the increase in population. He has Umayyads and then the Romans after them, the development of these projects and the paranormal which are still visible in the old part of town
Aramaic continued to rule the city until the eighth century BC when the Assyrian empire began to take over the kingdoms Aramaic in Syria
By the eighth century BC established control Alachorehaly the city, and despite the political upheavals and revolutions witnessed by this time, however, that the city was famous as a trading center for cultural and Syria. Trade flourished as incense and spices with the Arabian Peninsula. By the year 605 BC. M. Decayed Assyrian control after the fall of Nineveh but the Medes and Babylonians. And became a city within the control of Pharaoh Necho II. However, the second Babylonian empire was able to annex to it after a short period. And the city later, after the rise of the Achaemenid empire part
Damascus fell in the hands of Alexander the Great in 333 BC. M. After his death, Damascus became part of the Seleucid kingdom. Occupied by the Roman Emperor Pompey the Great in 64 BC. AD and became the capital of the mandate of Syria's most important cities in Roman times. Christianity came to Damascus in the early years of the spread of Christianity, and later became an important Christian center was launched, including the saints and the apostles to spread Christianity and preaching the religion of whom St. Paul. History of Damascus has been associated with the Greek world for a period of about ten centuries, during which the prosperity of the city known as the Hellenistic civilization, where Tmazjt elements of culture and civilization with the civilization of ancient Greek and Syrian Eastern culture as well as with all the civilizations that passed through the city in ancient times
Became the city of Damascus in the seventh century after the Islamic conquest of the city the most important Islamic cities and a beacon for science, literature, reference and is home to the leaders, scientists, intellectuals and celebrities, and turned the city in the Umayyad period from the center of the state to the capital of the largest Islamic empire of the Umayyad dynasty extends eastward to the borders of China, and to the Pyrenees and the Atlantic waters and Andalusia in the west. Rose palaces of the Caliphs in the capital, the Umayyad and extended the area of construction, was the most important buildings in that era mosque of the Umayyad Great, which was built during the reign of Caliph al-Walid bin Abdul Malik place of the Cathedral of John the Baptist and before the Temple of Jupiter, Damascus, an edifice which remains one of the most beautiful buildings, the Arab-Islamic in the world.
Umayyad Mosque consists of a large hall for prayer and rest in a large bowl outside. The prayer hall consists of three internal corridors of the parallel arcs separated by a consistent raised on columns of antique marble dating back to the ages that preceded the Umayyad period. This is the mosque three minarets dating back to three different periods, the first center of the north wall is known as a minaret bride, the oldest minaret in the history of Islam, the second in the east and know minaret Isa rate to Christ Jesus son of Mary, and the third is on the western side is known minaret Bey, relative to the Mamluk Sultan Bey. In Damascus, and the effects of ruins in every corner of the angles, and the Straight Street mentioned in the Bible and the Islamic and Christian holy sites
Since the eighth century and the city of Damascus sits on the throne of the cities and the Lighthouse and the center of civilization important, the Abbasids and took the city of Baghdad as their capital, and entered the armies of the capital Damascus, the most important present at that time to spend where the opponents of the men of the Umayyad and at the end of the Umayyad period, and in time of erosion and poor power Abbasid associated with Damascus StateTulunid in Egypt prior to be associated with the Fatimids in Egypt, too, have been in that era to invasions Qaramita who occupied it several times, causing a lot of havoc and destruction, afterthe Fatimids, the extension of the Seljuk power of Damascus and ruled Atabegs in the form ofindependent and regained her throne as the center and the capital of civilization. Moinuddinresisted and fought Illumine Frankish Crusaders and repel the siege imposed by their forces in the area of Darya, near Damascus, and defended the city and maintained its independence, and came after him King Nur ad-Din Mahmood and took his capital of Damascus andDamascus became the capital of the zinc .
Lion of Damascus launched SA-Din, sent by King Nur ad-Din to Egypt to face the Crusaders and the unification of the Islamic countries along the Syrian coast-Shami. The city was an important metropolis in the Fatimid era and the death of the Fatimid Caliph Add to the religion of Allah the Fatimid governor of the Fatimids in Egypt in 1171. Were unified the country under the rule Zanki. With the death of Nur ad-Din in 1174 by Al-Nasser Saladin founded the Ayyubid state in Egypt and its capital, Cairo, Damascus, and the annexation of the provinces and maize to Egypt. After a period of recession Damascus regained its luster and ranked as an important part in all cultural fields of political, military, literary and scientific in the Arab Mashreq.
The mandate of Damascus and one of the largest states of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt and most important city after the capital of the Mamluk Cairo. Where known as the "on behalf of the Levant", has extended its borders to the Euphrates and Rastan east and north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, and out of Gaza, Kerak in the south. Under the Sultans of the Mamluks in Egypt and the Sultan al-Zahir Baybars Qalawun, the city witnessed the movement of large construction, and built a large number of mosques and schools. That era has ended with the entry of Tamerlane and his forces from the destruction of Islamic cities, including Damascus. But this disaster did not prevent the advancement of Damascus from the New Urbanism movement, and returned the building and construction, and flourished in industrial activity and trade, cultural, scientific, at the time of intensified conflict between the warring factions on the Mamluk rule in the latter.
Following the defeat of the Mamelukes in the Battle of Marj glutinous in 1516, Syria became part of the Ottoman Empire's vast and Damascus became the capital of the largest and most important cities in the Ottoman Empire after Istanbul and the most important. First rulers Ottoman Damascus of great importance as one of the most important cities in the Muslim world and named it "Sham Sharif," and kept the city on its commercial and industrial and cultural heritage in the East, as it was a station stop the convoys of thousands of pilgrims who were jumping them to the Holy Land.
The governors are keen on ensuring security in the city, where they built new edifices, and they were interested in restoring mosques, baths, markets and care for the old city. Of the most famous monuments that date back to those long historical period, and the whole Souleimanieh who carry the name of Sultan Selim I, known as hospice and Sulaimaniya, designed by architect Sinan, who has been linked to the construction of the famous monuments of Istanbul. Testament and ends with the growing Ottoman civilization, "the horrors of alienation." In parallel with the prosperity of Damascus, Aleppo, which attract thriving Western ambassadors to become the third city in the Ottoman Empire after Istanbul and Damascus
Damascus has many ancient and historic neighborhoods of old and modern districts. Damascus is the most important districts: Damascus old and includes many of the old neighborhoods, which are located within the walls of the old city and its buildings and streets, alleys, churches and mosques preach and schools and the historic castle and the famous markets.
The neighborhoods of Damascus outside the fence Archaeological old: Hay field, Jobar, Shaghour, channels, fitness, farm, immigrants, al-Maliki, Rukn al-Din, Mezze, Abu Rumana, Kfar Sousse, Shaalan, Bab Touma, Baramkeh, Qaboun, Barzeh and homes, and Baghdad Street and Kassa'a and others.
Characterized by streets or lanes of Old Damascus as narrow with houses close and the streets are paved with stones in a number of divisions and feel you're going in one like you have entered to date, this mosque or an old mosque and the Church of archaeological or home for the rule and this bath damask or Khan archaeological or a house for a celebrity date, or serves as a companion or a great king or a leader or a governor or a scholar or a jurist or school of historical belonging to ancient times in the market or shops or antique gates and columns or the remnants of a Roman temple is actually you into history
In Damascus, a famous market and the largest markets in the East and the ancient streets of the historic one of them was mentioned in the New Testament (Bible) under the name "Straight Street", where he lived for St. Paul the Apostle Paul of Damascus which took off from Damascus Christian missionary religion in Europe. And is characterized by the house of Damascus (or also called the Arab house in Syria) rooms distributed on two floors surrounded buys convertible decorated with flowers, roses, plants, water fountains and fountain is the Azem Palace of the most important examples of the House of Damascus.
In Damascus, more than 200 mosques and mosque. Most important of these mosques, and perhaps most famous landmarks of Damascus, is the Great Umayyad Mosque, one of the world-famous symbols of Islam. From the mosques of Damascus other famous mosque Souleimanieh, which was built by the Ottoman Sultan Selim I in 1516, and a mosque lanceolatus and a number of churches such as the famous church Hananyao Church of Mary and the Church of St. Paul's on the wall and the Cathedral of Our Lady Alnaah and the Church of St. John of Damascus and the holy shrines and religious sites, schools and historical center and the role of science belonging to different historical eras
The city of Damascus, the most important centers of the Arab and Islamic culture in the Arab world's rich ancient history of the most important scientific references and theological, cultural and literary history in the Arab and Muslim world. Of cultural facilities in Damascus, the first compound of the Arabic language in the Arab world and science centers, schools, historical and Damascus National Museum and the University of Damascus 1923 and Virtual Library and Library Lion 1982 and the National Opera House and a number of the Syrian Arab cultural centers in the areas of Damascus
Damascus was the center throughout its long history commercially and industrially important role in the region. It is famous since ancient times their industries and the skill premium creators is an important industrial center and the traditional industries, such as textiles and textile industry, especially cloth brocade known internationally as the Damascus (Aldamasco) and wool and leather. Industries and copper, and arabesque engraving on wood, manufacture of jewelery and Almusdvat famous Damascene silk and wool and embroidered fabrics. As well as the famous Damascene sweets and dried fruits that Damascus is famous in the whole world as well (Damascene sweets) or East Syrian sweets. Damascus was also famous in the past by making swords sword sword damask, known for their quality and intensity and have shaped what is known as the sword damask has baffled the metal, which makes these swords from scientists and the legendary metal called
Damascus as a city large widened and extended in a clear and carried out by the neighborhoods and new towns in its surroundings, the buildings, apartment buildings and modern residential towers, as in the Mezze - The area destroyed - and fitness - and the infection and the Abbasids and the palaces and trade and housing associations new and others, and spread Damascus, which was in both sides of the River Barada climbed to the top on the slopes of Mount Kassioun and spread eastward and satisfaction to the Qaboun Barzeh and homes as well as the west and spread to the Parties (Ghouta Damascus) green, you will find in the vicinity of old Damascus from each side spread of modern residential neighborhoods in the mountains surrounding the city's ancient. And oversees Mount Kassioun on the regions of modern Damascus.
Linked Damascus with the Syrian cities and the world through a network of roads and Alawstradat modern and the latest companies tourist transport across Boulmanat and means of transport developed, as well as a large network of railway lines that link with the various cities and regions of Syria and with Turkey, Europe, and in the Damascus Airport Damascus International Airport and Mezze linking Damascus airports with Syria and with the various internal states of the world.
Spread in the city of Damascus, a number of international hotels of modern class seven and five-star and dozens of hotels of different grades and different types and levels of restaurants and cafes within the city and beyond, and tourist facilities, the huge, restaurants, clubs, swimming pools deployed in the hill Damascus known tourist in areas Ghouta Damascus and even resorts Damascene famous moderately faces and the beauty of nature in the high mountains such as resorts and Barada valley and Zabadani and Bloudan where many of the hotels and complexes, tourist resorts, in addition to markets of Damascus old and known and famous with its products there are many markets, parks and malls of modern high-end, which sells the latest products and the Syrian world in the areas of Damascus, the new
Called on the city of Damascus - the city of jasmine, characterized by old Damascus cultivation of jasmine and called Jasmine of Damascus with his fame and his memories in each lane and the house of the city, and since the foot care population Damascus cultivation of roses and flowers inside the houses are large, and find Jasmine in the patios of Interior and balconies and Alareic, arches, arches and columns that completely covered with aspects of the old lanes and gardens.
Characterized by Jasmine of Damascus smell fragrant pungent that give the impression relieved, than where the joy seem flowers like stars twinkling amid greenery, a plant climber, giving you a sense of innocence and affection symbolizes the sense of slender glide to Vnath aesthetic at the heart of the place, and the gardens of Damascus and houses are home security are published, mist and smell fragrant in his hometown of Damascus / city jasmine.
Damascus City Jasmine is the ancient city which gives you a lot, the magic of the place, the gate and the entrance to the date in the Old City in all its details, Mount Kassioun where there are restaurants and cafes, beautiful views of the city, Ghouta singing Bmentzhadtha and restaurants many, hill Damascus Valley magician among mountains where the borders of the river Barada rail road and the historic ranches and resorts scattered along the hill, clubs and wonderful restaurants
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