Tunisia is a country located in North Africa, bounded on the north and east Mediterranean, Algeria to the west (965 km) from the south-eastern Libya (459 km). Its capital city of Tunisia. And its official name the Republic of Tunisia. The area of the Republic of Tunisia 162.155 km 2 extends the Sahara on 30% of the Tunisian territory while covering the rest of the area adjacent to the fertile soil of the sea.
Tunisia has played important roles in ancient history since the time of the Phoenicians and Berbers, Carthaginians were known as the Africa Province during Roman rule. The wars took place between Carthage and Rome is still one of the most important now to wars of the Old Testament as they were called to Rome was submerged availability of agricultural products. Saracens in the seventh century and founded the city of Kairouan in 50 e as the first Islamic city in North Africa
Name comes from the country named as its capital, which has the same name. Opinions differ on the nomination of this city. Some believe that the name of Tunisia due to the Phoenician era, where the usually called the city Bolehtha Home In the case of Tunisia is Tanit some Arab schools likely origin of the word to the Arabic roots of the ancient city of Tarshish. The most likely others out of the word to the word TENCE described by Diodorjs and Boulibius which appears to be described soon from the Kasbah on the outskirts of Tunis Haliaa also pointed Tunisian historian Abd al-Rahman Ibn Khaldun to the origin of the word "Tunisia", which was launched on the present North Africa, where attributed their origin to the so-called from the city of prosperity and the vitality of urban economic and cultural and social mobility
He noted that the name of "Tunisia" is derived from the description of its residents and expatriates upon what they know its good intercourse and hospitality, and hospitality and there is another explanation says that the floor of the trunk did Anas Amazigh, which means spend the night with the change of meaning in time and space, may be the word Tunisia took the meaning of the following camp, or camp, or a place to stop. There are written references from the ancient civilization ROMANIAN remember the names of nearby cities such as Toniza (currently El Kala), Tonsody (now Sir poor), Tnsot (currently well Borkbh), Tunisian (currently top of the mountain). Since each of these villages were present on the Romanian roads, it was undoubtedly used as a way station to stop and rest
Naming the country in the Latin languages, which adds to it ia such as English has evolved from a designation geographers and historians, who call it the French Tunisie-ia,. In the early 19th century as part of their efforts to give the names of the lands previously occupied by France. Word derived from French Tunisie adopted by some European languages, with some minor modifications, which produced a distinctive name for the country. Some of the other languages did not change the label Arab very much, eg the label of the Russian Tunisia Тунис (Tu 'age) and the Spanish label Túnez.
Tunisia lies between latitudes 30 ° Ataiwa and 14 minutes, and 37 ° and 13 minutes north of the equator and between longitudes 7 ° and 32 minutes and 11 ° and 36 minutes east of Greenwich line
North coast is characterized as a high rocky sea adjacent to the depths of the winding bays wide Kkhalaj Tunisia and capital good head follows the coast a narrow coastal plains to the mountains from the sea, approaching the east coast is a low sandy coast of the few Altaarig bays wide Kkhalaj bathrooms and the islands of Djerba and Kerkennah
· A series of mountains and one of the highest mountains of the Atlas series of marine Khmer
· An extension of the highlands plateau in Algeria Ctoot ending sandy plains where the Shatt al-palm leaves
· A series of mountains and one of the highest mountains of the Atlas series of marine Khmer
· An extension of the highlands plateau in Algeria Ctoot ending sandy plains where the Shatt al-palm leaves
Tunisia surface consists of coastal plains stretching to the coastline overlooking the Mediterranean Sea and the widening in the middle, the southern regions is an extension of the Algerian desert. Desert covers the southern half of the territory of Tunisia. Valley is the largest rivers of the country's abstract.
The country is divided into three major areas
· The hill top which covers the north.
· Center of Tunisia, where the high and low deserts, which ends at the east coast.
· Interior region bounded by the Shatt al-palm leaves to the north, and is characterized by the vast desert Rabua Bmessahadtha Buahadtha singing and wrapped around a small number of sources of water.
· The hill top which covers the north.
· Center of Tunisia, where the high and low deserts, which ends at the east coast.
· Interior region bounded by the Shatt al-palm leaves to the north, and is characterized by the vast desert Rabua Bmessahadtha Buahadtha singing and wrapped around a small number of sources of water.
.Tunisia is located in the maximum point in the north of the African continent, a top bin Railway
Tunisia in three varieties of climates:
1. Mediterranean climate in the north, the amount of rainfall exceeds 400 mm per year
2. Semi-arid climate in the middle range where rainfall amounts between 200 and 400 mm
3. Dry climate in the south where rainfall less than 200 mm per year
Tunisia oldest civilizations known prehistoric Oargaha, and on the extent of all the pre-historic times:
Tunisia in three varieties of climates:
1. Mediterranean climate in the north, the amount of rainfall exceeds 400 mm per year
2. Semi-arid climate in the middle range where rainfall amounts between 200 and 400 mm
3. Dry climate in the south where rainfall less than 200 mm per year
Tunisia oldest civilizations known prehistoric Oargaha, and on the extent of all the pre-historic times:
· Paleolithic bottom and extends to hundreds of thousands of years.
Has seen the emergence of the first round from stones or gravel put up by man for use as a weapon for hunting or logging. I have found such tools in several areas in Tunisia oldest site named Prempeh near the tribal south of Tunisia where he found the pieces of the stone table carved along with the bones of animals extinct elephant giant has estimated its history, including nearly two million years also found stones put up in other sites including the Palace touch Bmatmdah Aloslatyh Tunisian center-aligned and well Borkbh Nabeul in the north of Tunisia
Has seen the emergence of the first round from stones or gravel put up by man for use as a weapon for hunting or logging. I have found such tools in several areas in Tunisia oldest site named Prempeh near the tribal south of Tunisia where he found the pieces of the stone table carved along with the bones of animals extinct elephant giant has estimated its history, including nearly two million years also found stones put up in other sites including the Palace touch Bmatmdah Aloslatyh Tunisian center-aligned and well Borkbh Nabeul in the north of Tunisia
In the second round of antiquity down and know the role of Acholi, there were tools more accurate and sophisticated which is about axes hand, was found on such tools in several locations, both in the south in Almtheloa and reserve and Gafsa or center-aligned on the banks of the valley of gypsum, not far from the town of Ela from the state of Kairouan in the north: the site is far from well Borkbh at another location not far from the town well Masharqa from the state of Zaghouan and return these tools to more than 100 thousand years and in the north-west, the site, Mr. Zein, which lies about 10 km from the town of El Kef most important site pre-historic as it was found at about 800 artifacts, along with animal bones dating back to between 80 thousand and 100 thousand years
Paleolithic East extends to the period between 80 thousand and 35 thousand years BC. M. And return to this era several locations, including Sidi Mansour near Gafsa, appointed Mthrschm near Kasserine and appointed Mgueth South Nasrallah from the state of Kairouan, the most important sites are: Valley Alacarit, 30 km north of the city of Gabes, where he found a large amount of tools peridotitic, and bones different animals, but that the most important archaeological site dates back to this period is the site of the train and the most important detected which is a pile of gravel river and the bones of different animals and fragments of flint in a conical shape with a diameter of 140 cm and a height of 75 cm, and believes that the intent of this form is to establish a religious ritual
Alqbesah civilization spread to several sites in rural west of Tunisia and Algeria, and aged between 7 thousand and 5 thousand years BC. M. Have seen the first manifestations of human societies organized in the region, where I discovered the effects of fishing Almmeltkotain has Alqbesaon, in the Neolithic period, since 6.500 years before present, domesticated sheep, goats and Althiathel and grazing them, as well as they continue to hunt other animals, as it is Alqbesaon first pastoralists in the history of humanity. Some research has shown that some communities Alqbesah has a kind of primitive agriculture.
He also Alqbesaon, since 7.000 years before present, the pottery industry, they have developed in the Neolithic period, since 6.200 years before present, making pottery spire rule: bottles, pottery with a conical shape without ties and clay pots with a semi-conical base, and others. As they also peel using ostrich eggs in the manufacture of container: oval shape bottles and cups, plates and cups. This is in addition to what is found from the manufacture of stone tools and chisels sharp and Menacht blades of different shapes As for housing, the housing rights Alqbesa huts made of branches of trees, and housing sponsors caves in the mountains
He also Alqbesaon, since 7.000 years before present, the pottery industry, they have developed in the Neolithic period, since 6.200 years before present, making pottery spire rule: bottles, pottery with a conical shape without ties and clay pots with a semi-conical base, and others. As they also peel using ostrich eggs in the manufacture of container: oval shape bottles and cups, plates and cups. This is in addition to what is found from the manufacture of stone tools and chisels sharp and Menacht blades of different shapes As for housing, the housing rights Alqbesa huts made of branches of trees, and housing sponsors caves in the mountains
In about 3000 or 2000 BC. M. Leaked to the country of Tunisia Properties from the civilization of the Covenant Albornza, have been used stones large or Agheiran rock that remained of them has several implications, such as those that are area Multiplicative northwestern Tunisian As a human, is considered the Amazigh indigenous people of Tunisia, it has seen the arrival of waves of other human view of the importance its strategic location in the Mediterranean Sea and ease of terrain, and in this framework provided the Phoenicians of the Orient and the credit is up to them to enter the country of Tunisia and the rest of North Africa in the history of the State of Carthage Btacishm
Who set up the country's population of Tunisian commercial relations with Phoenicians since the 11th century BC. M. Where the establishment of these ports for the exchange of goods often rely on barter. The Utica of the most important port and was the founding of Carthage as a military base to protect the commercial ports on the west coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Following the strikes that erupted in Vinkie a group of traders fled to Carthage and stability Vehau merged with the indigenous people of Amazigh and formed the so-called Balqirtagiyn saluting the form of Amazigh Aktar 70% of the Carthaginians, but historical novels about the establishment of the city closer to myth than truth sometimes
Who set up the country's population of Tunisian commercial relations with Phoenicians since the 11th century BC. M. Where the establishment of these ports for the exchange of goods often rely on barter. The Utica of the most important port and was the founding of Carthage as a military base to protect the commercial ports on the west coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Following the strikes that erupted in Vinkie a group of traders fled to Carthage and stability Vehau merged with the indigenous people of Amazigh and formed the so-called Balqirtagiyn saluting the form of Amazigh Aktar 70% of the Carthaginians, but historical novels about the establishment of the city closer to myth than truth sometimes
Founded the city of Carthage in the north-east of Tunisia's current in 814 BC and the beginning of Carthage after the center of the Empire took control of North Africa and southern Europe over time weakened the empire commercial Phoenician and inherited Carthage glories and its colonies, and has expanded its area to include a large part of the coast of the Mediterranean, due to its strategic location and overlooking the Mediterranean basins, was able to extend its influence and control the movement of trade in did not have to obtain consent of the superpower that. Where the form of expansion Carthaginian threat to the interests and influence of the Greeks, which led to military clashes between the two countries.
Settled Islam in the region after three conquests in a row I knew a lot of resistance from the Amazigh, while not expressing the peoples of the region only after long centuries and return basis expresses the region to the delegations of families and the Arab tribes, especially with migration of Bani Hilal and Bani Salim from southern Arabia and the Persian Gulf up to date so balanced demographic a new element known predominance of the Arab
The first 647 years of invasions and m open Abadla known as the pimp with the name Abdullah, and ended with death of the Byzantine ruler. Signed the second campaign year 661 AD and ended control of the city of Bizerte. The third and decisive campaign was led by a bin Nafi 'in 670 AD was the founding of the city of Kairouan, which later became an outpost of the subsequent campaigns in Africa and Andalusia. However, the killing of Uqba year 683 AD almost fails the campaign and forced the invaders to a fourth and final campaign, led by Hassan Ibn Nu'man year 693 AD confirmed the control of African Muslims to despite the fierce resistance led by the Priestess of the Amazigh. Was controlled at Carthage AD 695 years and despite some victories for the Berbers and the Byzantines to recover Carthage year AD 696 the Muslims finally took control of the city in 698 and killed Priestess in the same year.
Did not recover Carthage prestige after that was replaced after the port of Tunis near which was the epicenter of the invasions in the sea off Sicily and southern Italy not only new invaders control of the coasts, but moved by road and spread their faith among the Berbers, who have become then the spearhead of the conquest and subsequent private in Andalusia, led by Tariq ibn Ziyad.
Contained the city of Kairouan many learning centers of Islam, but that after all the East African cradle of religion and the center of government led to the spread of Islamic sects that do not belong to the Sunnis, especially outside of thought.
Contained the city of Kairouan many learning centers of Islam, but that after all the East African cradle of religion and the center of government led to the spread of Islamic sects that do not belong to the Sunnis, especially outside of thought.
Remained Kairouan, capital of the mandate of the African state Umayyad until 750 AD and then the Abbasid state has not seen the region ruled independent but under the leadership of Ibrahim bin most likely the founder of the majority decision of Harun al-Rashid year 800 AD and who wanted it put close to the states located in West Africa where the spread of thought outside. Aghlabid ruled 100 years and flourished through the cultural life and has become a center of Kairouan the same period also saw the establishment of a strong naval fleet to repel foreign attacks, which enabled the Lion Ben Euphrates later to open the island of Sicily.
Agriculture recorded a high percentage, which enabled the country to reach the level of food security is enough. Although the development of other sectors of the Tunisian economy, the agriculture Hafedt the importance of social and economic terms provide 12% of the gross domestic product and occupies 16% of the labor force in 2006 the most important agricultural products are grain (wheat and barley) and olives (the fourth product third source Aalmiwaltmor and citrus fruits, livestock and products the sea. State is acting in the sector in the majority of its branches through its institutions, but it should be noted Dhour private gatherings, especially in the food industry, the most important group Paulina.
The population of Tunisia, according to the latest estimate published by the National Institute of Statistics in surprise July 2008 10.0005 million thousand and 800 people spread over 24 states with an estimated number of Tunisians abroad, with 975 million people, according to figures dating back to 2007. Most Tunisians of race, High as the majority of the population of assets Amazigh Marbhomen Andalusians, Turks, Sicilians who flocked to the country in a historic periods posting program with a few Negroes. The number of population of the country a great development since independence, thanks to improved standard of living and low infant mortality rate, but population growth rate has decreased continuously in recent years from 2.66% in 1975, then 2.58 in 1984, then 1.7 in 1994 to reach 0.989% in 2008, the lowest in the Arab world by Lebanon.
Muslims account for the vast majority of the population with the presence of Christian and Jewish minorities were later small and always lived in peace with Muslims. Tunisia is the Mediterranean as a homogeneous Muslim 98% of the population, generating a strong national Antmea the Tunisians in the absence of ethnic and sectarian tendencies although multi-ethnic country. The composition of the population currently is a mix of Arabs and Berbers, Phoenicians and Europeans and Africans and Turks, Romans, Andalusians
The Berbers were the first inhabitants of the country, but the most prominent station in the history of Tunisia is the ancient Phoenicians in the delegations, which they founded Carthage in the ninth century by century. The Romans took control of North Africa until the fifth century, which saw the fall of the Romanian Empire, then the ethnic groups to Tunisia the most important European Vandals. In the eighth century the Muslim Arabs invaded the country was followed by the coming of a large number of families and the Arab tribes to take the composition of the country Mniz its current form. The country also saw delegations of thousands of Andalusian
Who have taken refuge after being driven to it by the Christians as defined beginning of the sixteenth century settlement of a large number of Turkish families.
Who have taken refuge after being driven to it by the Christians as defined beginning of the sixteenth century settlement of a large number of Turkish families.
Nearly all Tunisians (99%), Muslim) 85% of them years of the followers of the Maliki school and 15% of the Hanafi school and there is a minority worship services and there Elsafrion with 2000 Jews in the Tunisian island of Djerba, according to sources Tunisian and 1500 according to Jewish sources, Jewish Tunis came from Spain in the late fifteenth century AD after the persecution by the Spanish
But the Jews of Djerba came from the Levant after the burning of their temple by Nebuchadnezzar 2,500 years ago, although there are no official figures count the number of Christians in Tunisia that there are about 50,000 Christian residents who are of Francea Tunisia and Tunisian assets of Italian, French and Maltese 80% of them Catholics It is older and reside in Tunis and Sfax. There are a small number of Orthodox (including a Russian passenger ship trip to Bizerte France during World War II Adaafah to some immigrants from Greece) and there are Protestant minority living in Jerba
Tunisians speak Tunisian Arabic dialect, a dialect of the words entered many languages of Turkish, Italian, French, largely due to considerations of its history dates back to centuries, 18 and 19. Italian has a strong presence in the Tunisian dialect of the vocabulary is rooted in the immigrants from Sicily. Obtained integrating the most important in the history of Tunisian dialect words were added when the Andalusian (Spanish for now) after the expulsion from Andalusia Moro between 17 and 18 centuries.
Arabic is the official language while French is the language of business and management, de facto. As well as the vocabulary of ancient Amazigh are still many areas of Tunisia speak Tamazight in Matmata on the island of Djerba (in Agim, Qlalh, and Sdoeksh Orcign) and Hnni Tataouine In Aldoarat
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