Republic of Iceland is an island nation in the European North Atlantic Ocean on the edge of the center of the Atlantic with a population of 320.000 inhabitants and a total area of 103.000 km 2 is the capital Reykjavik, the largest city in the country, where she and the southern regions of Western is home to more than two-thirds of the country. Iceland's active volcanic country, and the righteousness of the country's geology consists of plateau characterized by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while pour many of the glaciers at sea through the lowlands. The Gulf Stream climate of Iceland to smooth out, making it a moderate and appropriate for life despite its location on the borders of the Arctic Circle.
Based on the Antanaomabok (Book of Settlement) was a leader of the Norwegian Anjulfr Arnarson the first to settle permanently in Iceland in 874 CE by others to visit the island before, and remained there throughout the winter. During the following centuries the island was settled by immigrants from northern and Gallic peoples. The island since 1262 and until 1918 a part of the Royal Norwegian and Danish after that. Adopted by the people of the island until the twentieth century on agriculture and fishing significantly. In 1994 and Iceland signed the European Free Trade Agreement and therefore the income diversity in the economy of fishing until the economic and financial services. According to the freedom of the press Iceland has the most free press in the world.
Icelandic economy is the free market economy with low taxes compared to the rest of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, while Tahfez on the social welfare system in the Nordic countries thereby providing free health care for all, education and access to education tertiary become Iceland in recent years and is one of the richest and most developed countries in the world. In 2010 ranked No. 14 among the world's developed countries, according to Human Development Report issued by the United Nations, and the fourth largest producer in the world per capita in 2008 Icelandic banking system collapsed, causing significant economic contraction and the accompanying political turmoil.
Icelandic society technologically advanced. Icelandic culture while the heritage of the peoples of the north, where most of northern Icelanders (especially west of Norway) and from the Gaelic peoples. Icelandic language of the North Germanic languages which is very close to Alvaro language and some dialects of Norwegian Bank. Includes the cultural heritage of the country's poetry, traditional cuisine and medieval Icelandic Alssaga. Iceland is currently the smallest countries in NATO in terms of population and the only one without an army is present
Iceland is located in the North Atlantic just south of the Arctic Circle, which passes through the small Grimssa Island, which lies off the northern coast of Iceland. Unlike the neighboring island of Greenland, Iceland followed in Europe and not North America, although it lies on the plates Aljiulocetin to both continents. The nearest land masses which are Greenland (287 km - 178 miles) and the Faroe Islands (420 km - 261 miles). The closest distance between them and Continental Europe is 970 kilometers (603 miles) from Norway.
Iceland is the island's No. 18 in terms of area, and the second largest island in Europe after Great Britain. The area of the main island of 101.826 square kilometers, the total area of the country is estimated at 103.000 km 2 (39,768.5 sq mi), covering 62.7% of the area of tundra, there are about 30 small island in Iceland, including the island and archipelago Grimssa Vistmanayar. Covering lakes and glaciers 14.3% of the area, while only 23% of the total area covered by a plant is the largest lakes Borisvatn (water tank): 83-88 km 2 (32.0-34.0 sq mi) and Byingfalavatn: 82 km2 (31.7 sq mi) There are also lakes them to other important and Ogoren Meevatn. The lake is the deepest lake Oskgeoffatn with an estimated depth of about 220 meters (722 feet
Iceland is geologically part of a single mid-Atlantic, due the presence of Iceland above sea level, the location of the reef, where oceanic crust is composed and then expands to be replaced by another oceanic crust. From the tectonic point of Iceland does not belong to Europe or North America, where it resulted from higher cortex at the confluence of tectonic plates but not on the continental land
An imbalance of 4.970 km long coastline of Iceland, where most of the settlements. Inside the Island Heights is fitted with a mix of housing is not valid from the sand and the cold mountains. Major cities is the capital Reykjavik and surrounding towns such as Copavgor and Hafnervuordor and Gardabir and Rakianspar (where is located the international airport) and Akureyri in the north of the island. While Grimssa Island is located to the south of the Arctic Circle, the most populated areas; to the north of Iceland has three national parks are: Vatnaiokol and Sniffalzaokol and Bnajafiller
Mainly on the island Oceanic semi-polar. Keep current on the climate of the North Atlantic island's warmer than their counterparts on the same latitude. From areas with similar climate and the Alaska Peninsula and the islands Aloloshih Tierra del Fuego although these regions closer to the equator. Despite its proximity to the coasts of the Arctic Circle, the ice-free throughout the winter. The attacks Venaderh where icebergs occurred recently near the northern coast 1969
There are some differences in climate between different parts of the island. Generally is considered the southern coast warmer and wetter and a wind from the north. The cooler central highlands regions of the country, while the internal low-lying areas in the north is the most arid regions. Snowfall in winter is more common in the north to the south.
The highest temperature in the air at 30.5 ° C (86.9 degrees Fahrenheit) in June 22, 1939 inTigarrhorn on the southeastern coast. While the lowest to -38 ° C (-36.4 ° F) in January 22, 1918in Grimsstadar Modrodalor and remote areas in the northeast. Records of temperature in Reykjavik is 26.2 degrees Celsius (79.2 degrees Fahrenheit) in July 30, 2008, and -24.5 ° C (-12.1 ° F) in January 21, 1918 .
Icelanders enjoy freedom of religion under the Constitution, although the National Church of Iceland, a Lutheran body, is the official state church. Maintains the National Register religious affiliation of every citizen Icelandic. In 2005, the Department of Icelanders to religious groups following
· 80.7% of the members of the National Church of Iceland.
· 6.2% of members of unregistered religious organizations, or without any specific religious affiliation.
· 4.9% of the members of the Lutheran churches in Reykjavik and free Hafnarfjordur.
· 2.8% are not members of any religious group.
· 2.5% of the members of the Catholic Church, represented by the Diocese of Reykjavik.
· 80.7% of the members of the National Church of Iceland.
· 6.2% of members of unregistered religious organizations, or without any specific religious affiliation.
· 4.9% of the members of the Lutheran churches in Reykjavik and free Hafnarfjordur.
· 2.8% are not members of any religious group.
· 2.5% of the members of the Catholic Church, represented by the Diocese of Reykjavik.
The remaining 5.9% includes about 20-25 other Christian denominations, while about 1% belong to non-Christian religious organizations. The largest non-Christian sects are Osatroirvillagad a group of pagan new
Religious attendance is relatively low, as is the case in the other Nordic countries. Above statistics represent administrative membership of religious organizations that do not necessarily reflect the actual distribution of religions among the population of Iceland. According to a study published in 2001 is 23% of the country's population are atheists or agnostics do not
Icelandic culture has its roots in the Scandinavian tradition. Icelandic literature, popular especially in Alssaga, management started in the mid-and late Middle Ages. Icelanders are relatively focused on independence and self-sufficiency. In the analysis of public opinion conducted by a committee of the European Commission found more than 85% of Icelanders that independence was "very important", which contrasts with the average EU member states and twenty five then at 53% and 47% of Norwegians and 49% of Danes
Some traditional beliefs still exist even today, for example, some Icelanders believe the existence of dwarfs or they do not want to exclude their presence
Iceland is a progressive on gay rights. In 1996, the Icelandic Parliament passed legislation to create registered partnerships for homosexuals, covering nearly all the rights and benefits of marriage. In 2006, I passed other legislation unanimously in Parliament granted gay couples the same rights as gay couples in adoption and foster parenting and to help in vaccination. On June 11, 2010, the Icelandic parliament amended the Marriage Act, making it a neutral sex marriage is defined between two people to him and thus gave legitimacy to gay marriage. Application of the law was in June 27, 2010 also meant the amendment to the law also cancel the registered partnerships for homosexuals, when a marriage is the only option, as is the case with non-gay
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق