Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (the old name Malagasy Republic, her), is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the fourth largest island in the world, and is home to 5% of the plant and animal species in the world, including more than 80% settlement in Madagascar. Monkeys, including lemurs, and Alphusa Digger to eat meat, and three families of birds, six species of baobab. Two-thirds of Madagascar's population living below the international poverty line (less than $ 1.25 a day
As part of East Gondwana, Madagascar separated from Africa land for nearly 160 million years, and the island of Madagascar was created when it separated from the Indian subcontinent in 80 to 100 million years ago. Most archaeologists estimate that the human settlement of Madagascar happened between 200 and 500 AD, when the sailors from South East Asia (probably from Borneo or the southern Celebes) in Sailing
As part of East Gondwana, Madagascar separated from Africa land for nearly 160 million years, and the island of Madagascar was created when it separated from the Indian subcontinent in 80 to 100 million years ago. Most archaeologists estimate that the human settlement of Madagascar happened between 200 and 500 AD, when the sailors from South East Asia (probably from Borneo or the southern Celebes) in Sailing
Bantu settlers probably crossed the Mozambique Channel to Madagascar at about the same time, or shortly thereafter. However, Malagasy tradition and ethnic evidence suggests that they may have preceded them fishermen groups Mika. Alontimoro who founded the kingdom in the south of Madagascar in the Middle Ages due to the origin of immigrants from Somalia.
Began to write history in Madagascar in the seventh century, when Muslims established trading centers along the northwest coast. During the Middle Ages, the kings of the island began to expand their power through trade with their neighbors on the Indian Ocean, particularly the Arab traders, and the Persians and the Alsomaliaan who arrived in Madagascar in East Africa, the Middle East and large Hindamishaik begun to dominate large areas of the island.
Began to write history in Madagascar in the seventh century, when Muslims established trading centers along the northwest coast. During the Middle Ages, the kings of the island began to expand their power through trade with their neighbors on the Indian Ocean, particularly the Arab traders, and the Persians and the Alsomaliaan who arrived in Madagascar in East Africa, the Middle East and large Hindamishaik begun to dominate large areas of the island.
Including the Sakalava chiefdoms of Menabe, centered in what is now the town of Morondava, and Buena, centered in what is now the provincial capital of Mahajanga. The impact of Sakalava extended across what is now the provinces of Antsiranana, Mahajanga and Toliara. Madagascar was an important port for trading across the ocean to the coast of East Africa, which has given Africa a trade route on the Silk Road, and at the same time worked as a port for ships to come.
Madagascar is divided into six provinces, autonomous, and is divided into 22 provinces, and these areas have been created in 2004. Provincial level will be higher after the partition of the provinces and resolved according to the results of a referendum April 4, 2007, which means that by October 4, 2009.
The area of 587.000 square kilometers, Madagascar and thus the State is the forty-sixth in terms of area which is also the fourth largest island in the world. It is slightly larger than France, which is one of 11 separate province in South Africa plateau.
In the direction of the east, steep escarpment leads from the central highlands down into a strip of rain forest with a narrow coast in the far east. Benjlanis channel is a series of natural and artificial lakes connected by channels which run along the east coast about 460 km (285 mi) (about two thirds of the island). The slope of the central highlands toward the west is more gradual, with remnants of seasonal forests and grass plains of the savannah-like B (which was in the south and south-west, the dry grass host plants, desert fork and baobab). On the west coast are many protected harbors, but the deposits of silt is a major problem caused by sediment resulting from high levels of erosion in the direction of the ground.
On top of this hill lies the central highlands, an area of Hillah ranging in height from 2,450 to 4,400 feet (750 to 1350 meters) above sea level. Central Highlands is characterized by Bodianrice listed between barren hills. There the red soil Atiraat covering a large part of the island has been exposed to erosion, showing clearly the cause of naming the country as the "red island ".
The highest peak on the island Maaromokotro at an altitude of 2.876 meters, found in a cluster Tsarattanana rocky and located in the far north of the country. Block Ankartara rock located in the downtown area south of the capital Antananarivo and the third highest mountain in the island, Tciafageoffohna, a rise of 2.642 meters to the south lies the rocky mass Andranjetera and the tops of many higher than 2,400 meters, including Tharna and the fourth highest peak in Madagascar, Pic Aamarevolaila, known more widely by Beck Bobby (2658 meters), and the summit of Pic Bory (2630 m) peaks again in this block rocky include Beck Swandra (2620 meters ) and Beck Evangomina (2556 m) also contains this block also Andranjetera protected in times of very rare, snow falling on the region in winter because of the towering height.
There are two seasons: a hot rainy season from November to April and a cool, dry season from May to October. South East trade winds are prevailing in the country, has faced some of the island sometimes hurricanes
There are two seasons: a hot rainy season from November to April and a cool, dry season from May to October. South East trade winds are prevailing in the country, has faced some of the island sometimes hurricanes
Resulted in the isolation of Madagascar from the neighboring continents for a long time to a unique combination of plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else in the world, some ecologists refer to Madagascar as a continent, "the eighth of 10.000 out of a plant endemic to Madagascar, 90% of them do not found nowhere else in the world's animal and plant life diversified in Madagascar are at risk because of human activity, where one third of local agriculture have disappeared since the seventies, and 18% of which only remains intact since the arrival of humans 2000 years ago, has lost Madagascar more than 90 % of original forest elephant birds, which were giant birds unable to fly to Madagascar, became extinct at least since the seventeenth century. was the largest bird in the world, is believed to exceed three meters in length has numerous national parks and
About 50% of the country's population practice traditional religious rituals, which tend to emphasize the links between the living and the dead. Almirina in the highlands particularly tend to maintain this ritual. They believe that the dead ancestors to take part in the ranks of divinity and that ancestors are interested in the fate of their children intensely neighborhoods. Almirina Albtselio practice and re-buried Vamadyhana, or "dead hand", and celebrate this spiritual communication. In this ritual, is removed the remains of victims from the tomb of the family, and damage to the coffins of the new Silk, and returned to the grave after the ceremony in their honor, in some cases, where they are raising the dead and carried high over the heads of revelers with singing and dancing before returning them to the grave.
Despite the outrageous persecution and genocide of the Lchristaan during the nineteenth century during the reign of Queen Ranavalona First, about 45% of Madagascar today are Christians, this Alert is divided almost equally between Catholics and Protestants. Incorporates many of the people worship the dead with their religious beliefs and bless their dead, the other in the church before moving ahead with the ritual burial. They may also claim a Christian minister to attend Vamadyhana. Many Christian churches influential in politics. The best example of this is the Malagasy Council of Churches (FFKM), which consists of the oldest and most prominent four Christian denominations (Roman Catholic, Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar, Lutheran and Anglican).
Islam in Madagascar constitutes about 7% of the population. Arab traders and Somali Muslims are the first to bring Islam in the Middle Ages, and they had a profound impact on the West Coast. For example, many Malagasy converted to Islam for the first time turned to the Malagasy language alphabet, depending on the Arabic alphabet, and was named Soraba. Muslims are concentrated in the provinces of Mahajanga and Antsiranana (Diego Suarez). Muslims are divided between the Malagasy ethnicity, Indians, Pakistanis and the population of the Comoros. The number of mosques in the south-eastern region of 10 to 50 mosques in the past ten Alokhirhovi Recently, several tribes who converted to Islam in Madagascar on one occasion in Antimor tribe in the southeast 17.500 converted to Islam at once
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق