Was the capital of Egypt in the Pharaonic era as a city, and the headquarters of the king, who ruled Egypt are subject to different criteria, including geographic, including political and religious other.
This was the city as the capital gain the bulk of the attention of kings pharaohs who they have taken as a place to stay in terms of models where construction of temples, palaces and buildings of the nobles and senior statesmen and look metropolitan, of the country into which goods and appear as the most beautiful city in Egypt, and with the demise of the star and the emergence of another city less interest in them and span by her neglect to return a normal city is not only by the ruins of glory run, have long or short period of prosperity may be tens or hundreds of years, including the stretch of prosperity for thousands of years
First: Memphis (3200 - 2200 BC).
It is the first Egyptian political Asim after the unification of the country by King Narmer after a bitter struggle with the North. It was for "Memphis," chosen by the King, "Narmer" Geography is the site Astrtejy as it is located between the north and south and from this site can oversee all parts of Egypt, especially after the unit where it is bordered to the east shore of the River Nile, such as protecting natural flows passing and invaded it and in the West desert of Egypt and the Giza Plateau from the northeast, while in the south, extends to the territory of upper Egypt (level) pro faculties of the King South (Narmer). and increased fortifications of King Narmer inform the (Memphis) wall surrounded by the north, west and south were coated in white fired awareness of the title of "Ag tweaked" any wall or white wall. the title (Memphis) is derived from (a group of) any effect of the beautiful splendor and beauty.
Egypt and has been since 3200 - 2200 BC. M control of the Memphis political capital of the country throughout the Archaic period and the Old Kingdom in so-called era of the builders of the pyramids. It was replete with palaces property of the king and members of the royal family as well as the palaces and houses of nobility and senior state officials and many of the temples, especially the Temple of the god "Ptah," and his wife, the gods "Schmidt" and her son, "Nfrtm" and became the capital of Egypt for more than a thousand years.
With the fall of the Old Hebei star of Memphis as the capital and that has remained throughout the Pharaonic, Greek, Romanian and even the Islamic era, among the most important Egyptian cities at all as a city religious, the headquarters of the god "Ptah," one of the most important gods President in Egypt as well as trade between the north and south, we find that Alexander the Great had after he seized Egypt in 332 BC. m, and visited the Temple "Ptah," and closer to the Egyptians this visit to one of the most important Egyptian gods, but not chosen again as the capital of Egypt, Thebes Luxor, but chose to site a new city in the region Racodh a fishing village on the northern coast of Egypt offset by a small island, and pointed to his commanders by linking this island coast to create the two ports and was alleged this city the name of Alexandria to his name. also has had Amr bin Aas at the conquest of Egypt in 641 AD, and a treaty clarifying the Romans to Egypt and the safety of the Egyptians under the rule of Arab Muslims, and to the importance of this city The "Memphis" dead hostage is now a small village lost its importance as the most important Egyptian city in Egypt
Second, Thebes (Luxor) 2062-950 BC. Pm:
After the collapse of the old state occurred conflicts between provincial governors and rode every governor Bakulaimh Egypt became made up of several regions at daggers-drawn by the referees the rest of the seizure of the territory the other, so could the King, "Mentuhotep II" in 2062 BC. M from the completion of the second unit between the territory of North and South for the second time , and here we find it did not keep the ancient capital of "Memphis", but he chose the capital of its territory "and the AST" and meaning scepter as his capital he called the Greeks later good then after them the Arabs of Luxor.
Did not enjoy the "The AST" a lot in the Middle Kingdom, where we find that the kings of the Twelfth Dynasty established the capital of the other, a "east of Tawi" Allst now until the entry of the Hyksos Egypt in 1675 BC. M, and seizing on the north and center of the country and only the rule of the Egyptians on the south and returned "and the AST "the capital of the Egyptians during the era of decay of the second, a main city in the south, which began with the war of liberation under the leadership of the King" Seqenenre "and was succeeded by his son," Kamose "and then of" Ahmose I, "who was able to expel the Hyksos and the unification of Egypt for the third time and became" The AST "of the Egyptian capital of the country for the second time in its history with the beginning of the era of the modern state has seen "The AST" with the rulers of Egypt bones such as "Ahmose I" and "Thutmose III" and "Amenhotep III" and "City first" and "Ramses II" and "Ramses III",
Has become "The AST" the greatest city in the world of the Egyptian empire, which work kings bone secured and hit on any hand of an aggressor, whether in East or South or West and during the 600 years have seen "The AST" the greatest glory, where Trump borders of Egypt from the north of Syria and western Iraq to Central Africa in the south and a half of Libya in the west and poured the tribute to Egypt, as well as foreign delegations asking Dr. Egypt and holding relations at the diplomatic and trade, military and won "and the AST" from the rulers of interest greatest in history Pharaonic and has expanded and grown architecture including pervaded from the temples of great still remain even now experiencing the greatness of Egyptian civilization,
Such as the temples of Karnak and Luxor, and Medinet Habu, the Ramesseum, along with cemeteries luxury of kings pharaohs and their wives in the Valley of the Kings and Queens as well as the tombs of nobles and funerary temples enough to give us an idea of the extent of what we have reached "and the AST" during the era of the modern state even called the capital of the percent door. Also saw "The AST" commercial activity globally not seen the city before where he does not pass one day only and there are delegations from Asia and delegations from Africa and Libya, with the rich goods from all over the ancient world incomparable cities "Paris" or "London" these days. With the passage of time and the end of the modern state and enter the era of decay of the third and take on Egypt's rulers from Nubia and Libya and the Persians have been neglected "and AST," but maintains its status as the greatest city in Egypt until he invaded Egypt, the Persian king, "Cambyses" 525 BC. M, and that the destruction and looting of temples of treasures and destroyed most of the landmarks and taking with him the most important artists and became "The AST" devastated city after it was stolen bride Middle East. And remained that way until the end of the era of the Pharaohs
And moved the Egyptian capital of the north and south, east and west until the selection of the Greek capital of Alexandria on the northern coast of Egypt, fearing that Aquaomanm Egyptians in the country in case they make "The AST" their capital but still "and the AST" which regions by the Greek name of the new "good" on the name of one of the Greek cities of the most important cities to its ancient Greek through the ages, Romanian and even Islamic, and as the largest and most important cities of Upper and launched the Arab name "Luxor", and that much of what they found of great buildings.
Promise to "Memphis" and "good" did not have any of the Egyptian cities the privilege of being the capital of Egypt, just some small towns such as "Ott Tawi" Allst and some small cities for very short periods Kawasam of Pharaonic Egypt. Even the city of "the righteousness of Rameses' Tanis, which was built by" Ramses II "has not taken a political capital of the country without" and AST, "but rather as the headquarters for himself and his family's summer, and not as a capital by the administration of the country and its interests. Thus, we find that during the Old Kingdom of Memphis and Thebes during the Middle and Late Period and modern Tboata a high status among the cities of Egypt's Pharaonic Egypt Kawasam to standard.
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